Rekonstruksi Problematika Kewarisan Islam Kontemporer : Kajian Normatif Atas Penundaan Warisan, Pemerataan Hak Waris, Dan Hibah Pra-Wafat

Abstract

Contemporary inheritance issues are problems frequently found in modern society and often differ from the normative provisions of Islamic inheritance law. This study aims to analyze the problems of delaying the distribution of inheritance after the death of the deceased, equal distribution of inheritance among heirs, and the transfer of property before the deceased passes away from the perspectives of Islamic law and positive law in Indonesia. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The legal sources used in this study consist of the Qur’an, Hadith, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), legislation, books, journals, and other scientific literature. The results of the study indicate that delays in inheritance distribution often occur due to reasons such as maintaining family harmony, customary factors, and inheritance assets that cannot yet be divided. However, prolonged delays may lead to disputes and the loss of heirs’ rights. The practice of equal inheritance distribution has developed due to considerations of social justice and gender equality, although the faraidh system in Islam has clearly regulated the shares of heirs in detail. Meanwhile, the transfer of property before death through grants (hibah) is permissible in Islam as long as it fulfills the required conditions and principles of justice. This study concludes that contemporary inheritance issues reflect the dynamic relationship between Islamic legal provisions and the social developments of modern society. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the law is necessary to achieve justice and public benefit in inheritance distribution.

Keywords: contemporary inheritance, faraidh, hibah, inheritance distribution, Islamic law

Abstrak

 Problematika kewarisan kontemporer merupakan persoalan yang banyak terjadi dalam kehidupan masyarakat modern dan sering kali berbeda dengan ketentuan normatif hukum waris Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis problematika penundaan pembagian warisan setelah pewaris meninggal, pembagian warisan secara merata antara ahli waris, serta pemberian harta sebelum pewaris meninggal dalam perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum positif di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus. Sumber bahan hukum diperoleh dari Al-

Qur’an, hadis, Kompilasi Hukum Islam, peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, jurnal, dan literatur ilmiah lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penundaan pembagian warisan sering terjadi karena alasan menjaga keharmonisan keluarga, faktor adat, dan kondisi harta yang belum dapat dibagi, namun penundaan yang terlalu lama dapat menimbulkan sengketa dan hilangnya hak ahli waris. Pembagian warisan secara merata berkembang karena pertimbangan keadilan sosial dan kesetaraan gender, meskipun ketentuan faraidh dalam Islam telah mengatur bagian ahli waris secara rinci. Sementara itu, pemberian harta sebelum pewaris meninggal melalui hibah diperbolehkan dalam Islam selama memenuhi syarat dan prinsip keadilan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa problematika kewarisan kontemporer menunjukkan adanya dinamika antara ketentuan hukum Islam dan perkembangan sosial masyarakat modern sehingga diperlukan pemahaman hukum yang komprehensif agar tercipta keadilan dan kemaslahatan dalam pembagian warisan.

Kata Kunci: kewarisan kontemporer, faraidh, hibah, pembagian warisan, hukum Islam