Optimalisasi Proses Transesterifikasi dalam Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah Menggunakan Katalis Campuran Natrium Hidroksida dan Kalium Hidroksida
Keywords:
Biodiesel, Transesterification, Used Cooking Oil, Mixed Catalyst, Naoh, KOH, Yield.Abstract
The global energy crisis and increasing awareness of the environmental impact of fossil fuels have driven the development of biodiesel as an environmentally friendly and renewable alternative energy source. This study aims to optimize the performance of a transesterification apparatus in biodiesel production from used cooking oil using a 1:1 mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst with a concentration of 0.5 N. The process was carried out at a constant temperature of 60°C and a molar ratio of methanol to oil of 6:1. The independent variables were reaction time (20, 40, and 60 minutes) and stirring speed (300, 450, and 600 rpm). The results showed that stirring time and speed significantly influenced biodiesel yield. The highest yield of 87.50% was achieved with a reaction time of 60 minutes and a stirring speed of 600 rpm. The biodiesel samples were then analyzed based on physical and chemical parameters according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7182:2015), including density, viscosity, flash point, cetane number, and calorific value. The density values ranged from 871–879 kg/m³, viscosity 3.8–5.95 cSt, flash point 107.1–127.1°C, maximum cetane number 65.4, and maximum calorific value 40.33 MJ/kg. All parameters were within the SNI standard range, confirming that the biodiesel produced met the required quality.
Keywords: Biodiesel, Transesterification, Used Cooking Oil, Mixed Catalyst, Naoh, KOH, Yield.
Abstrak
Krisis energi global dan meningkatnya kesadaran akan dampak lingkungan dari bahan bakar fosil telah mendorong pengembangan biodiesel sebagai sumber energi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dan dapat diperbarui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja alat transesterifikasi dalam produksi biodiesel dari minyak jelantah menggunakan katalis campuran Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH) dan Kalium Hidroksida (KOH) dengan konsentrasi 0,5 N perbandingan 1:1. Proses dilakukan pada suhu tetap 60°C dan rasio molar metanol terhadap minyak sebesar 6:1, dengan variabel bebas berupa waktu reaksi (20, 40, dan 60 menit) serta kecepatan pengadukan (300, 450, dan 600 rpm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter waktu dan kecepatan pengadukan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap persentase hasil (yield) biodiesel. Yield tertinggi sebesar 87,50% dicapai pada waktu reaksi 60 menit dan kecepatan pengadukan 600 rpm. Sampel biodiesel kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan parameter fisik dan kimia yang mengacu pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI 7182:2015), termasuk densitas, viskositas, titik nyala, angka setana, dan nilai kalor. Nilai densitas berkisar antara 871–879 kg/m³, viskositas 3,8–5,95 cSt, titik nyala 107,1–127,1°C, angka setana tertinggi 65,4, dan nilai kalor maksimum 40,33 MJ/kg. Seluruh parameter berada dalam rentang standar SNI, membuktikan bahwa biodiesel yang dihasilkan memenuhi kualitas yang dipersyaratkan.
Kata kunci: Biodiesel, Transesterifikasi, Minyak Jelantah, Katalis Campuran, Naoh, KOH, Yield.
Downloads
References
Abdulkareem, A. N., & Nasir, N. F. (2022). Biodiesel Production from Canola Oil Using TiO2CaO as a Heterogenous Catalyst. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 93(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.93.2.125137
Africana, S. (2024). PROCESS EVALUATION FOR PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL USING COOKING OIL 1 Usiayo, 1 V.A. and 2 Oriji, O.G. 23(5), 191–200.
Alsaiari, R. A., Musa, E. M., & Rizk, M. A. (2024). Biodiesel Synthesis from Date Seed Oil Using Camel Dung as a Novel Green Catalyst: An Experimental Investigation. Catalysts, 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14090643
Alsultan, A. G., Asikin-Mijan, N., Ibrahim, Z., Yunus, R., Razali, S. Z., Mansir, N., Islam, A., Seenivasagam, S., & Taufiq-Yap, Y. H. (2021). A short review on catalyst, feedstock, modernised process, current state and challenges on biodiesel production. Catalysts, 11(11), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11111261
Demirbas, A. (2009). Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels. Energy Conversion and Management, 50(1), 14–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.09.001
Dimawarnita, F., Arfiana, A. N., Mursidah, S., Maghfiroh, S. R., & Suryadarma, P. (2021). Produksi Biodiesel Berbasis Minyak Nabati Menggunakan Aspen Hysys. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 31(1), 98–109. https://doi.org/10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2021.31.1.98
Dubey, A., Prasad, R. S., & Singh, J. K. (2020). An Analytical and Economical Assessment of the Waste Cooking Oil based Biodiesel using Optimized Conditions on the Process Variables. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, 00(00), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1839600
Fadhilah, R., Kurniasih, E., & Rifary, M. A. (2018). Performance of prototype portable bio-adsorber for waste cooking oil purification. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 420(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012024
Farouk, S. M., Tayeb, A. M., Abdel-Hamid, S. M. S., & Osman, R. M. (2024). Recent advances in transesterification for sustainable biodiesel production, challenges, and prospects: a comprehensive review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(9), 12722–12747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32027-4
Jain, S., Kumar, N., Singh, V. P., Mishra, S., Sharma, N. K., Bajaj, M., & Khan, T. M. Y. (2023). Transesterification of Algae Oil and Little Amount of Waste Cooking Oil Blend at Low Temperature in the Presence of NaOH. Energies, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031293
Kayode, B., & Hart, A. (2019). An overview of transesterification methods for producing biodiesel from waste vegetable oils. Biofuels, 10(3), 419–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2017.1306683
Lam, M. K., Lee, K. T., & Mohamed, A. R. (2010). Homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis for transesterification of high free fatty acid oil (waste cooking oil) to biodiesel: A review. Biotechnology Advances, 28(4), 500–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.03.002
Maneerung, T., Kawi, S., Dai, Y., & Wang, C. H. (2016). Sustainable biodiesel production via transesterification of waste cooking oil by using CaO catalysts prepared from chicken manure. Energy Conversion and Management, 123, 487–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.06.071
Megawati, E., Ardiansyah, A., Mukminin, A., Ariyani, D., Yuniarti, Y., & Lutfi, M. (2022). Analisis Sifat Fisika dan Nilai Keekonomian Minyak Goreng Bekas Menjadi Biodiesel Dengan Metode Transesterifikasi. Al-Kimiya, 9(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.15575/ak.v9i1.17962
Monika, Banga, S., & Pathak, V. V. (2023). Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: A comprehensive review on the application of heterogenous catalysts. Energy Nexus, 10(May), 100209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100209
Padil, P., Wahyuningsih, S., & Awaluddin, A. (2012). Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Kelapa melalui Reaksi Metanolisis Menggunakan Katalis CaCO3 yang dipijarkan. Jurnal Natur Indonesia, 13(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.13.1.27-32
Pasaribu, A. T., Sigit Lestari, R. A., & Firyanto, R. (2023). Pembuatan Biodiesel Dengan Cara Adsorpsi Kulit Pisang Kepok Dan Transesterifikasi Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas. CHEMTAG Journal of Chemical Engineering, 3(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.56444/cjce.v3i2.3151
Prasetya, B. (2016). Badan standardisasi nasional tahun 2015. Laporan Tahunan BSN 2015, I, 133.
Pratiwi, A. K., Styana, U. I. F., & Kurniawan, A. (2023). Proses Produksi Biofuel Minyak Jelantah Production Process of Cooking Oil Biofuel Using Koh and Naoh Catalyst Variations At Ngentak Kutowinangun Lor. Prosiding Webinar ITY Green Tchnology, 45–54.
Ramadhani, D., Muh, P., & Mardhiyah, I. (2024). MINYAK JELANTAH. 7(2). Ramírez, J., Buestán, L., López-Maldonado, E. A., & Pinos-Vélez, V. (2023).
Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of Biodiesel from Recycled Vegetable Oil in Cuenca, Ecuador by Transesterification Catalyzed by KOH and NaOH. Eng, 4(1), 954–963. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4010056
Rusdianasari, Syarif, A., Yerizam, M., Yusi, M. S., Kalsum, L., & Bow, Y. (2020). Effect of Catalysts on the Quality of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil by Induction Heating. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1500(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1500/1/012052
Saini, R. D. (2017). Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel. 11(1), 9–21. Saputra, A. T., Wicaksono, M. A., & Irsan, I. (2018). Pemanfaatan Minyak Goreng Bekas untuk Pembuatan Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alat Teraktivasi. Jurnal Chemurgy, 1(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.30872/cmg.v1i2.1138
Setiadji, S., B, N. T., Sudiartati, T., Prabowo, E., & N, B. W. (2017). Alternatif Pembuatan Biodiesel Melalui Transesterifikasi Minyak Castor (Ricinus communis) Menggunakan Katalis Campuran Cangkang Telur Ayam dan Kaolin. Jurnal Kimia VALENSI, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v3i1.4778
Shahab, A., & Husnah, H. (2022). Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Biji Karet Dengan Teknologi Transesterifikasi Menggunakan Katalis Koh. Jurnal Redoks, 7(2), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.31851/redoks.v7i2.9532
Singh, D., Sharma, D., Soni, S. L., Inda, C. S., Sharma, S., Sharma, P. K., & Jhalani, A. (2021). A comprehensive review of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil and its use as fuel in compression ignition engines: 3rd generation cleaner feedstock. Journal of Cleaner Production, 307(May 2020), 127299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127299
Suryanto, S., Abadi, S., Amanah, B., & Wahyudin, W. (2021). Rancang Bangun Mesin Produksi Biodiesel Sistem Kontinyu Kapasitas 400 Liter/Jam. Jurnal Teknik Mesin Sinergi, 18(2), 213–223. https://doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v18i2.2645
Tjiwidjaja, H., & Salima, R. (2023). Dampak Energi Fosil Terhadap Perubahan Iklim Dan Solusi Berbasis Energi Hijau. 2(2), 166–172.
Ulukardesler, A. H. (2023). Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Different Types of Catalysts. Processes, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072035
Downloads
-
PDF FULL TEXT
Abstract Dilihat : 50 Kali , Download: 54 Kali
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Guido Tampubolon, Yohandari Bow, Lety Trisnaliani (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
