Komunikasi Krisis Dan Kontestasi Data Dalam Isu Dugaan Pencemaran Lingkungan Pt Iwip Di Halmahera Tengah

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis komunikasi krisis PT Indonesia Weda Bay Industrial Park (IWIP) dalam isu dugaan pencemaran lingkungan, krisis air bersih, ISPA, konflik lahan, dan menurunnya kepercayaan publik di Halmahera Tengah, Maluku Utara. Kasus ini penting dikaji karena krisis yang muncul tidak hanya berkaitan dengan persoalan teknis lingkungan, tetapi juga menyangkut reputasi organisasi, legitimasi industri nikel, dan relasi antara perusahaan, pemerintah, media, organisasi masyarakat sipil, serta masyarakat terdampak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui media monitoring terhadap korpus pemberitaan online periode 2022–2026, dokumen resmi perusahaan, laporan organisasi masyarakat sipil, artikel ilmiah, serta wawancara dengan Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Halmahera Tengah. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Situational Crisis Communication Theory, Image Repair Theory, Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication, Framing Theory, Social Amplification of Risk Framework, Stakeholder Salience Theory, dan Legitimacy Theory. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa krisis IWIP berkembang sebagai krisis reputasi ekologis yang ditandai oleh pertarungan narasi antara pemberitaan media, laporan NGO, klarifikasi pemerintah daerah, dan respons perusahaan melalui bantahan, CSR, ESG, serta program lingkungan. Strategi komunikasi IWIP cenderung menggunakan pola denial, diminish, bolstering, dan corrective action. Efektivitas komunikasi tersebut masih menghadapi tantangan karena terdapat kesenjangan antara data teknis, persepsi risiko warga, dan kepercayaan publik. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa komunikasi krisis dalam industri ekstraktif memerlukan transparansi data, dialog partisipatif, empati terhadap warga terdampak, audit independen, serta media monitoring berkelanjutan.

Kata kunci: komunikasi krisis, komunikasi risiko, IWIP, Sungai Sagea, reputasi organisasi, ESG, media monitoring.

Abstract

This study analyzes the crisis communication of PT Indonesia Weda Bay Industrial Park (IWIP) in relation to alleged environmental pollution, clean water crisis, acute respiratory infections, land conflicts, and declining public trust in Central Halmahera, North Maluku. This case is important because the crisis is not merely a technical environmental issue but also concerns organizational reputation, legitimacy of the nickel industry, and relations among corporations, government, media, civil society organizations, and affected communities. This research uses a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through media monitoring of online news coverage from 2022 to 2026, corporate documents, civil society reports, scientific articles, and an interview with the Environmental Agency of Central Halmahera. The analysis applies Situational Crisis Communication Theory, Image Repair Theory, Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication, Framing Theory, Social Amplification of Risk Framework, Stakeholder Salience Theory, and Legitimacy Theory. The findings indicate that IWIP’s crisis has developed into an ecological reputation crisis marked by contested narratives among media reports, NGO findings, government clarification, and corporate responses through denial, CSR, ESG narratives, and environmental programs. IWIP’s communication strategies tend to involve denial, diminish, bolstering, and corrective action. Their effectiveness remains challenged by gaps between technical data, community risk perception, and public trust. This study argues that crisis communication in extractive industries requires data transparency, participatory dialogue, empathy toward affected communities, independent audits, and continuous media monitoring.

Keywords: crisis communication, risk communication, IWIP, Sagea River, organizational reputation, ESG, media monitoring.