Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Iklim Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Perusahaan E-Commerce di Indonesia: Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Indonesia's e-commerce industry has undergone remarkable growth, yet a critical research gap persists: most empirical studies on organizational culture and climate have been conducted in manufacturing, state-owned enterprises, and government settings, leaving insufficient evidence on how these two variables simultaneously affect employee performance in Indonesian e-commerce startups. This study aims to: (1) analyze the effect of organizational culture (X1) on employee performance (Y); (2) analyze the effect of organizational climate (X2) on employee performance (Y); and (3) examine the simultaneous effect of both variables on employee performance in Indonesian e-commerce companies. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA protocol, drawing on 10 quantitative peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2020 and 2025, selected from 47 potential articles based on methodological quality, contextual relevance, and variable consistency. Results confirm that organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (average R²=52.5%), and organizational climate also demonstrates a positive and significant effect (average R²=47.3%). When examined simultaneously, the combined explanatory power reaches an estimated R² of 61.8%, indicating a complementary and synergistic relationship. Innovation and creativity (90%), open communication (80%), and psychological safety (75%) emerged as the most dominant elements. The study concludes that bridging the gap between espoused and enacted organizational values is the most critical leadership challenge for Indonesian digital organizations.

Keywords: organizational culture, organizational climate, employee performance, e-commerce, systematic literature review.

ABSTRAK

Industri e-commerce Indonesia mengalami pertumbuhan yang luar biasa, namun terdapat research gap yang kritis: sebagian besar penelitian empiris tentang budaya dan iklim organisasi dilakukan pada sektor manufaktur, BUMN, dan instansi pemerintah, sehingga bukti mengenai pengaruh simultan keduanya terhadap kinerja karyawan di startup e-commerce Indonesia masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis pengaruh budaya organisasi (X1) terhadap kinerja karyawan (Y); (2) menganalisis pengaruh iklim organisasi (X2) terhadap kinerja karyawan (Y); dan (3) mengkaji pengaruh simultan kedua variabel terhadap kinerja karyawan pada perusahaan e-commerce di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan protokol PRISMA, menganalisis 10 artikel jurnal kuantitatif peer-reviewed terbitan 2020–2025, dipilih dari 47 artikel potensial berdasarkan kualitas metodologis, relevansi konteks, dan konsistensi variabel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan (rata-rata R²=52,5%), dan iklim organisasi juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan (rata-rata R²=47,3%). Secara simultan, kekuatan penjelas gabungan mencapai estimasi R² sebesar 61,8%, mengindikasikan hubungan yang komplementer dan sinergistik. Inovasi dan kreativitas (90%), komunikasi terbuka (80%), serta rasa aman psikologis (75%) terbukti sebagai elemen paling dominan. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa menjembatani kesenjangan antara nilai yang dideklarasikan dan dipraktikkan merupakan tantangan kepemimpinan paling kritis bagi organisasi digital Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: budaya organisasi, iklim organisasi, kinerja karyawan, e-commerce, systematic literature review.