Analisis Risiko dalam Sistem Cold Chain Menggunakan Pendekatan SWOT dan FMEA: Studi Kasus PT. XYZ

Authors

  • ID Wandi Waluya Sekolah Logistik dan Transportasi, Universitas Logistik Dan Bisnis Internasional Indonesia Author
  • ID Hanafi Faridz Sekolah Logistik dan Transportasi, Universitas Logistik Dan Bisnis Internasional Indonesia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.66914/yadzaw69

Keywords:

Cold Chain, SWOT, FMEA, Manajemen Risiko, Logistik, Management

Abstract

Sistem cold chain memiliki peranan penting dalam menjaga kualitas produk yang bersifat perishable selama proses penyimpanan dan distribusi. Gangguan terhadap kestabilan suhu dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas produk, kerugian ekonomi, hingga menurunkan kepuasan pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko utama pada sistem cold chain di PT. XYZ serta merumuskan strategi mitigasi menggunakan pendekatan Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) dan Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Penelitian menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan menganalisis berbagai referensi ilmiah mengenai manajemen risiko cold chain, SWOT, dan FMEA, kemudian mengaplikasikan kedua metode tersebut pada studi kasus PT. XYZ. Hasil analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan memiliki kekuatan berupa infrastruktur gudang pendingin yang memadai dan teknologi pemantauan suhu secara real-time, namun masih memiliki kelemahan berupa sistem pergudangan yang bersifat manual serta ketergantungan terhadap satu vendor kendaraan pendingin. Analisis FMEA menunjukkan bahwa fluktuasi suhu selama proses pengiriman merupakan risiko dengan prioritas tertinggi sehingga memerlukan tindakan mitigasi segera. Integrasi SWOT dan FMEA menghasilkan rekomendasi strategis berupa implementasi Warehouse Management System (WMS), peningkatan kompetensi sumber daya manusia, penerapan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT), serta kerja sama dengan penyedia jasa logistik pihak ketiga (3PL). Pendekatan tersebut diharapkan mampu meningkatkan efektivitas pengelolaan risiko dan keandalan sistem cold chain.

Kata Kunci: Cold Chain, SWOT, FMEA, Manajemen Risiko, Logistik.  

Abstract

The cold chain system plays an important role in maintaining the quality of perishable products during storage and distribution. Temperature instability may reduce product quality, cause economic losses, and decrease customer satisfaction. This study aims to identify the main risks in the cold chain system at PT. XYZ and formulate mitigation strategies using Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) approaches. This research employs a literature study by reviewing scientific references related to cold chain risk management, SWOT, and FMEA, followed by their application to the PT. XYZ case study. The SWOT analysis indicates that the company has strengths in adequate cold storage facilities and real-time temperature monitoring technology, while its weaknesses include manual warehouse management and dependence on a single refrigerated vehicle supplier. The FMEA analysis identifies temperature fluctuation during distribution as the highest-priority risk requiring immediate mitigation. The integration of SWOT and FMEA produces strategic recommendations, including the implementation of a Warehouse Management System (WMS), improvement of human resource competencies, adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and collaboration with Third Party Logistics (3PL) providers. These strategies are expected to improve risk management effectiveness and enhance the reliability of the company's cold chain system.

Keywords: Cold Chain, SWOT, FMEA, Risk Management, Logistics.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ALI (Asosiasi Logistik Indonesia). (2021). Laporan Tahunan Industri Logistik Indonesia 2021 . Jakarta: ALI Press.

Prasetyo, H., Wibowo, A., & Suryadi, K. (2021). Analisis Faktor Keberhasilan dan Kegagalan Cold Chain Logistics di Jawa Barat. Jurnal Teknik Industri , 19(2), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.22441/jti.v19i2.12345

Simatupang, T. S., & Agustina, D. R. (2020). The Role of Third Party Logistics in Supply Chain Integration. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management , 36(3), 345362.https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2020.10029345

Susanto, S., & Widodo, K. H. (2022). Evaluasi Kinerja Mitra Logistik dalam Pengelolaan Cold Chain pada Produk Makanan Beku di DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Operasional , 13(1), 45 58.

Wahyudi, S., Susilo, F. X., & Pramudito, G. (2020). Implementasi Cold Chain System dalam Mendukung Distribusi Vaksin di Wilayah Terpencil Indonesia. Jurnal Teknologi Logistik , 7(1),1–10.https://doi.org/10.25121/JTL.2020.7.1.123

Stevenson, W. J. (2021). Operations Management (14th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2021). Marketing Management (16th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.

Stamatis, D. H. (2020). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (3rd ed.). ASQ Quality Press.

Hill, T., & Westbrook, R. (2020). SWOT Analysis: It’s Time for a Product Recall. Long Range Planning , 30(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301 (96)00095-7

Chen, X., Li, Y., & Wang, Z. (2022). Application of FMEA in cold chain logistics risk

management: A case study in China. Journal of Food Engineering , 312, 110789.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.110789 Kumar, A., & Singh, R. (2021). Challenges in cold chain management: A review. International

Journal of Refrigeration , 123, 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.11.012

Pratama, M. R., & Utama, D. M. (2020). Strategic analysis of cold chain logistics using SWOT method: Case study in Indonesian pharmaceutical company. Jurnal Teknik Industri , 21(2), 8997.

Rahman, M. A., Huda, N., & Bakar, J. (2024). Risk factors affecting performance of cold chain

systems in Southeast Asia: An empirical study. Food Control , 145, 109432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109432

Widodo, K. H., Setiawan, B., & Susilo, H. (2023). Implementation of cold chain system for

perishable food distribution in Indonesia. AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science , 45(1),123–135https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v45i1.3641

Zhang, Y., & Liu, H. (2022). Integrating SWOT and FMEA for risk assessment in

pharmaceutical cold chain logistics. International Journal of Logistics Management , 33(4), 987–1003. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-09-2021-0389

Govindan, K., Mina, H., & Alavi, B. (2020). Sistem pendukung keputusan untuk peramalan permintaan dengan pembelajaran mesin dan analitik data besar dalam logistik . Penelitian Transportasi Bagian E: Tinjauan Logistik dan Transportasi , 142, 102012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.102012

Müller, F., Ostermann, M., & Tavella, E. (2021). Kekuatan dan kelemahan analisis SWOT: Tinjauan pustaka sistematis . Riset Manajemen Operasi , 14(3), 397–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-021-00186-x

Sharma, S., & Modgil, S. (2022). Penggunaan analisis SWOT secara strategis di era Industri 4.0Jurnal Riset Bisnis , 142, 567–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.045

Kutlu, A. C., & Ekmekçioğlu, M. (2020). Fuzzy failure modes and effects analysis by using

fuzzy TOPSIS-based fuzzy AHP. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(1), 61

67.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.06.044

Sharma, R. K., Yadava, G. S., & Deshmukh, S. G. (2022). Modeling the maintenance problems in an FMEA framework. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 28(2), 194

212.https://doi.org/10.1108/JQME-05-2021-0046

Chen, Y., Zhang, Z., & Wang, L. (2023). Application of FMEA in healthcare risk management: A case study on medication errors. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 35(1),mzad012.https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzad012 yang

Komite Basel untuk Pengawasan Perbankan (2021). Prinsip-prinsip untuk manajemen risiko operasional sehat

Bank untuk Penyelesaian Internasional (BIS).

https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs_principles_operational_risk.pdf

Sheedy, E., & Stewart, J. (2022). Mengukur dan mengelola risiko operasional di lembaga keuangan . Jurnal Risiko Operasional , 17(2), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.21314/JOP.2022.023

Cherdantseva, Y., Petznick, P., Avoine, G., Cherdantseva, M., Burnap, P., & Cofta, P. (2023).

Downloads

Published

2026-07-31

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 7 (2026): Sinergi: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Wandi Waluya, Hanafi Faridz (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.