Analisis Terhambatnya Bantuan Logistik dalam Penanganan Darurat Bencana Banjir Bandang di NTT Tahun 2021

Abstract

Abstrak

Banjir bandang yang melanda Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur pada April 2021 menimbulkan korban jiwa, kerusakan infrastruktur, serta peningkatan kebutuhan bantuan bagi masyarakat terdampak. Namun, proses penyaluran bantuan mengalami berbagai hambatan, seperti keterbatasan moda transportasi, akses menuju lokasi bencana yang kurang memadai, keterbatasan relawan, dan kondisi cuaca buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keterlambatan distribusi bantuan logistik dalam penanganan darurat banjir bandang di Nusa Tenggara Timur serta merumuskan skenario distribusi yang lebih efektif. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan metode studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka dan penelusuran data sekunder mengenai jumlah korban, pengungsi, kerusakan, serta bantuan yang disalurkan oleh pemerintah dan lembaga terkait. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan sistem dinamis melalui penyusunan stock-flow diagram dan simulasi dua skenario distribusi bantuan. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pada skenario awal, penyaluran 1.002 paket bantuan untuk 8.424 pengungsi selama tiga hari menghasilkan tingkat distribusi sebesar 0,119 sehingga bantuan belum diterima secara merata. Pada skenario kedua, bantuan didistribusikan setiap hari kepada sekitar 2.808 pengungsi dengan tingkat distribusi sebesar 0,357. Skenario kedua menunjukkan proses distribusi yang lebih lancar, tetapi jumlah bantuan tetap belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan seluruh pengungsi apabila hanya bergantung pada bantuan BNPB. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keterlambatan distribusi dipengaruhi oleh ketidakseimbangan antara jumlah bantuan dan jumlah pengungsi serta keterbatasan operasional di lokasi bencana. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan koordinasi antarlembaga, penguatan sarana transportasi, dan pengintegrasian bantuan dari berbagai pihak agar bantuan dapat disalurkan secara cepat, tepat, dan merata.

Kata kunci: banjir bandang, bantuan logistik, distribusi bantuan, logistik kemanusiaan, sistem dinamis, Nusa Tenggara Timur.

Abstract

The flash floods that struck East Nusa Tenggara Province in April 2021 caused fatalities, infrastructure damage, and a substantial increase in humanitarian assistance needs. However, the distribution of relief supplies encountered several constraints, including limited transportation facilities, inadequate access to disaster-affected locations, shortages of volunteers, and adverse weather conditions. This study aims to analyze delays in the distribution of logistics assistance during the emergency response to the East Nusa Tenggara flash floods and to formulate a more effective distribution scenario. A descriptive case study approach was employed. Data were collected through a literature review and secondary data concerning casualties, displaced persons, infrastructure damage, and assistance provided by government institutions and other organizations. The analysis applied a system dynamics approach by developing a stock-flow diagram and simulating two relief distribution scenarios. The first scenario showed that distributing 1,002 relief packages to 8,424 displaced persons over three days resulted in a distribution rate of 0.119, indicating that the assistance was not distributed evenly. In the second scenario, the relief packages were distributed daily to approximately 2,808 displaced persons, resulting in a distribution rate of 0.357. Although the second scenario produced a more efficient distribution process, the available assistance remained insufficient to meet the needs of all displaced persons when relying solely on assistance from the National Disaster Management Agency. The study concludes that distribution delays were primarily caused by an imbalance between the amount of assistance and the number of displaced persons, as well as operational limitations in disaster-affected areas. Therefore, stronger inter-agency coordination, improved transportation capacity, and the integration of assistance from multiple stakeholders are required to ensure rapid, appropriate, and equitable relief distribution.

Keywords: flash flood, logistics assistance, relief distribution, humanitarian logistics, system dynamics, East Nusa Tenggara.