Manajemen Kesehatan Masyarakat pada Penanganan Kusta Multibasiler dengan Komorbid Stroke dan Risiko Paparan Tuberkulosis Kontak Serumah di Pedesaan Aceh Utara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66914/19w5pz88Keywords:
Kusta Multibasiler, Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kedokteran Keluarga, Stigma, Aceh Utara, Multibacillary Leprosy, Public Health, Family Medicine, North AcehAbstract
Kusta multibasiler (MB) merupakan penyakit infeksi kronis yang penanganannya tidak hanya bertumpu pada terapi medis, tetapi juga penyelesaian tantangan determinan sosial, status gizi, keterbatasan fisik, dan stigma masyarakat. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan menganalisis manajemen penanganan kusta MB berbasis pendekatan kedokteran keluarga dan kesehatan masyarakat pada seorang pasien perempuan berusia 38 tahun di Gampong Awe, Kecamatan Kuta Makmur, Aceh Utara. Pasien mengeluhkan bercak mati rasa yang meluas sejak 3 tahun lalu dan saat ini sedang menjalani terapi Multidrug Therapy (MDT) bulan ke-3. Pasien memiliki komorbid stroke non-hemoragik 10 tahun lalu yang menyisakan kelemahan ekstremitas kiri, serta mengalami gizi buruk (underweight, IMT 15,1 kg/m²). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui home visit, wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik, serta analisis faktor lingkungan dan perilaku keluarga. Hasil evaluasi menggunakan diagram fishbone mengidentifikasi 6 masalah utama: kepatuhan MDT, status gizi buruk, risiko penularan kontak serumah, stigma sosial, dampak stroke pasca-akut, dan ketergantungan ekonomi. Intervensi komprehensif dilakukan secara terintegrasi mencakup promotif, preventif (pemeriksaan kontak serumah dan perawatan kulit mandiri), kuratif (MDT-MB), dan rehabilitatif. Keberhasilan eliminasi kusta membutuhkan kolaborasi lintas sektor dan pemberdayaan keluarga guna memutus rantai penularan serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita.
Kata kunci: Kusta Multibasiler, Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kedokteran Keluarga, Stigma, Aceh Utara.
Abstract
Multibacillary (MB) leprosy is a chronic infectious disease whose management relies not only on medical therapy but also on addressing social determinants, nutritional status, physical limitations, and social stigma. This case report aims to analyze the management of MB leprosy using a family medicine and public health approach in a 38-year-old female patient in Gampong Awe, Kuta Makmur District, North Aceh. The patient reported spreading numb patches over the past 3 years and is currently undergoing month 3 of Multidrug Therapy (MDT). She presents with a comorbid history of non-hemorrhagic stroke 10 years ago resulting in left-sided weakness, alongside severe malnutrition (underweight, BMI 15.1 kg/m²). Data were collected via home visits, interviews, physical examinations, and environmental/behavioral assessments. Fishbone analysis identified six key problems: MDT adherence, malnutrition, contact transmission risk, social stigma, post-stroke motor impairment, and economic dependency. Comprehensive interventions were implemented across health promotion, prevention (contact screening and skin care), curative treatment (MDT-MB), and rehabilitation. Successful leprosy elimination requires cross-sectoral collaboration and family empowerment to interrupt transmission chains and improve quality of life.
Keywords: Multibacillary Leprosy, Public Health, Family Medicine, Stigma, North Aceh.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Osama Al-Farauq, Cut Khairunnisa (Author)

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Osama Al-Farauq

