Hubungan Jumlah Leukosit dan Persentase Limfosit Terhadap Derajat Demam pada Pasien Anak dengan Demam Tifoid di Rsud Cut Meutia pada Tahun 2022

Abstract

Demam tifoid merupakan kejadian umum di Indonesia karena iklim negara yang mendukung penyebaran penyakit musiman. Penyakit ini di akrenakan oleh konsumsi makanan ataupun minuman yang telah terkontaminasi bakteri Salmonella typhi. Gejala demam tifoid biasanya berupa demam berkepanjangan, yang berlangsung setidaknya selama seminggu, disertai masalah pencernaan dan potensi gangguan kognitif. Tujuan dari pengkajian ini yakni guna mengetahui hubungan antara jumlah leukosit serta persentase limfosit atas derajat demam pada pasien anak dengan demam tifoid. Pengkajian ini di laksanakan di RSU Cut Meutia Aceh Utara.  Jenis pengkajian ini yaitu analitik observasional memakai pendekatan cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 130 pasien anak usia 0-18 tahun, sampel pengkajian mencakup data rekam medis dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel meliputi purposive sampling. Rentang usia anak dengan demam tifoid paling banyak diusia 0-5 tahun (48,5%). Sesuai jenis kelamin, prevalensi tertinggi muncul pada wanita (64,6%). Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwasanya Proporsi terbesar sampel dalam kisaran normal jumlah leukosit (70%) menunjukkan demam ringan (59,2%), sedangkan sampel yang menunjukkan limfopenia (53,8%) juga mengalami demam ringan (59,2%). Setelah dilakukan analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square diketahui tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jumlah leukosit (p=0,634) dengan derajat demam pada pasien anak penderita demam tifoid. Demikian pula tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara persentase limfosit (p=0,389) dengan derajat demam pada pasien anak dengan demam tifoid.Kesimpulan dipengkajian ini Pada pasien anak-anak dengan demam tifoid, jumlah leukosit berkorelasi dengan tingkat keparahan demam, sehingga menunjukkan adanya hubungan potensial antara keduanya. Namun, tidak ada hubungan penting antara persentase limfosit dan derajat demam pada pasien ini.
Kata kunci : jumlah leukosit, persentase limfosit
Abstract

Typhoid fever is a common occurrence in Indonesia because the country's climate supports the seasonal spread of the disease. This disease is caused by consuming food or drinks that have been contaminated with Salmonella typhi bacteria. Symptoms of typhoid fever usually include prolonged fever, lasting at least a week, accompanied by digestive problems and potential cognitive impairment. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the number of leukocytes and the percentage of lymphocytes on the degree of fever in pediatric patients with typhoid fever. This study was carried out at RSU Cut Meutia, North Aceh. This type of study is observational analytics using a cross sectional approach with a sample size of 130 pediatric patients aged 0-18 years. The study sample includes medical record data with sampling techniques including purposive sampling. The most common age range for children with typhoid fever is 0-5 years (48.5%). According to gender, the highest prevalence occurred in women (64.6%). The results of the study showed that the largest proportion of samples in the normal range for leukocyte counts (70%) showed mild fever (59.2%), while samples that showed lymphopenia (53.8%) also had mild fever (59.2%). After conducting bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test, it was discovered that there was no significant relationship between the number of leukocytes (p=0.634) and the degree of fever in pediatric patients suffering from typhoid fever. Likewise, there was no significant relationship between the percentage of lymphocytes (p=0.389) and the degree of fever in pediatric patients with typhoid fever. Conclusions in this study. In pediatric patients with typhoid fever, the number of leukocytes correlated with the severity of the fever, thus indicating a potential relationship between both of them. However, there was no significant relationship between the percentage of lymphocytes and the degree of fever in these patients.
Key words: number of leukocytes, percentage of lymphocytes