Gambaran Kesiapsiagaan Tenaga Kesehatan Puskesmas Kecamatan Blang Mangat Kota Lhokseumawe dalam Menghadapi Bencana Banjir

Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan risiko bencana sangat tinggi akibat letak tektonik dan hidrometeorologi, di mana bencana banjir menjadi salah satu ancaman tahunan paling dominan yang mengancam keselamatan serta kesehatan masyarakat. Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) memegang peranan vital dalam sistem penanggulangan bencana pada fase prabencana, saat tanggap darurat, hingga pascabencana. Kecamatan Blang Mangat Kota Lhokseumawe tercatat mengalami bencana banjir secara berulang hampir setiap tahun, namun gambaran kesiapsiagaan tenaga kesehatan di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama tersebut belum pernah diteliti secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesiapsiagaan tenaga kesehatan Puskesmas Kecamatan Blang Mangat Kota Lhokseumawe dalam menghadapi bencana banjir, yang mencakup aspek kesiapsiagaan individu, kebijakan, pelatihan kebencanaan, perencanaan inventaris sumber daya, dan tim penanggulangan krisis. Penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional ini melibatkan 60 tenaga kesehatan yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling sesuai kriteria tim penanggulangan krisis Kementerian Kesehatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur tervalidasi dan observasi dokumen inventaris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh responden memiliki kesiapsiagaan individu dalam kategori siap (100,0%) dan menilai aspek kebijakan dalam kategori siap (100,0%). Sebagian besar responden menyatakan tim penanggulangan krisis telah siap (88,3%). Namun demikian, seluruh tenaga kesehatan tidak siap dalam aspek pelatihan kebencanaan (100,0%) karena ketiadaan simulasi dan gladi bencana rutin. Selain itu, mayoritas responden tidak siap dalam perencanaan persiapan inventaris sumber daya (95,0%). Disimpulkan bahwa kesiapsiagaan tenaga kesehatan masih bersifat teoritis dan administratif yang belum diimbangi oleh penguatan keterampilan teknis serta kesiapan logistik terstruktur. Disarankan kepada Dinas Kesehatan dan manajemen Puskesmas untuk menyelenggarakan simulasi bencana berkala terpadu, menyusun SOP spesifik banjir, serta melengkapi inventaris logistik kegawatdaruratan.

Kata kunci: Banjir, Kesiapsiagaan, Tenaga Kesehatan, Puskesmas, Manajemen Bencana

Abstract

Indonesia is categorized as a high-risk country for natural disasters due to its tectonic setting and tropical hydrometeorological conditions, with recurring floods presenting significant public health challenges. Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) play an indispensable role across pre-disaster preparedness, emergency response, and post-disaster recovery phases. Blang Mangat sub-district in Lhokseumawe City experiences annual flood events; however, the disaster preparedness profile of its primary healthcare personnel has not been thoroughly examined. This study aimed to describe the preparedness of healthcare workers at Puskesmas Kecamatan Blang Mangat in facing flood disasters across five critical dimensions: individual preparedness, disaster-related policies, disaster training, resource inventory planning, and crisis response teams. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 60 health workers selected through purposive sampling based on Ministry of Health crisis team criteria. Data were gathered using validated structured questionnaires and inventory observational checklists. The findings revealed that all respondents demonstrated readiness in individual preparedness (100.0%) and perceived policy readiness as prepared (100.0%). The majority also reported that crisis response teams were prepared (88.3%). In contrast, all health workers were classified as unprepared in disaster training (100.0%) due to the absence of regular emergency simulation drills. Furthermore, 95.0% of respondents were unprepared regarding resource inventory planning. In conclusion, while individual willingness and administrative frameworks are established, practical capacity is constrained by a lack of operational simulation drills and structured logistical preparedness. It is strongly recommended that local health authorities conduct routine multi-hazard simulation exercises, develop flood-specific standard operating procedures, and optimize buffer stock management for emergency logistics.

Keywords: Floods, Preparedness, Healthcare Workers, Puskesmas, Disaster Management